History
Medical cannabis has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine for centuries and has recently re-emerged as a critical player in modern healthcare. From ancient remedies to contemporary breakthroughs, this remarkable plant has continually shaped medical practices across the globe. Let’s explore its historical journey, backed by evidence and practical examples.
Origins of Medical Cannabis
Ancient Beginnings in Asia
The earliest recorded use of medical cannabis dates back to 2737 BCE in China. Emperor Shen Nung, revered as the “Father of Chinese Medicine,” documented cannabis as a treatment for ailments such as gout, malaria, and rheumatism. Cannabis was also integral to ancient Indian Ayurvedic medicine, where it was used to alleviate anxiety, improve appetite, and treat pain.
Cannabis in Ancient Egypt and Greece
In Egypt, the Ebers Papyrus (circa 1550 BCE) references cannabis as a treatment for inflammation. Ancient Greeks, such as Dioscorides, praised cannabis for its pain-relieving properties, particularly for earache and wound care.
The Evolution of Medical Cannabis
The Middle Ages: From Remedy to Commodity
Medical cannabis spread to the Middle East and Europe, where it became a staple in traditional apothecaries. Physicians prescribed it to treat a range of conditions, from digestive issues to muscle spasms.
19th Century Western Medicine
Irish physician William O’Shaughnessy brought cannabis to the attention of Western medicine in the 1830s after observing its extensive use in India. It was adopted as a treatment for epilepsy, tetanus, and migraines in Europe and North America.
Prohibition and Decline
By the mid-20th century, misconceptions about cannabis led to its prohibition in many countries, including Australia. Despite its medical benefits, the plant became overshadowed by stigma and the rise of synthetic pharmaceuticals.
Modern Resurgence of Medical Cannabis
Scientific Discoveries and Legalisation
The discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the 1990s revolutionised medical cannabis research. Scientists identified cannabinoids like THC and CBD, compounds responsible for cannabis’s therapeutic effects. These findings fuelled a wave of legalisation, including Australia’s approval of medical cannabis in 2016.
Current Applications in Healthcare
Today, medical cannabis is prescribed for chronic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and chemotherapy-induced nausea, among other conditions. It is available in various forms, including oils, capsules, and vapourised flowers.
